Economics for Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Case Study

Financial aspects for Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure - Case Study Example Due to Guam’s close relationship with the economy of Japan, setbacks in the last have genuinely influenced the financial circumstance in Guam. In any case, the situation has improved in Guam in the long run in spite of the fact that the pattern of voyagers has changed fundamentally (Dougan, 2007). A profound examination concerning the standard of conduct of the new age of Japanese visitors has yielded a sharp complexity to the more seasoned parcel of explorers. Thus, the policymakers need to outline new promoting, flexibly and operational choices for boosting their travel industry division to be at standard with its past wonder. Promoting Decisions An observational examination shows that Japanese travelers incline toward Guam over other vacationer goals inferable from the nearness between the two and the pleasant magnificence of the spot. The Japanese are seen as for the most part worried about their security while visiting and in this manner, the Guamanian policymakers need t o advertise their expanded worry towards security of their travelers and embellishing the spot. What's more, the appeal for extravagance things may likewise be utilized by the policymakers for promoting the travel industry in Guam. A powerless dollar against Japanese Yen has marked down the overall cost of many marked things in Guam than they are in Japan which could be utilized as a ploy by policymakers to draw in vacationers (Moutinho, Curry, and Rita, 1996). Gracefully Decisions Supply choices which support the travel industry in Guam are those which help in drawing an ever increasing number of sightseers inside the country. Flexibly choices are basically those which take a note of the interest circumstance and afterward outline gracefully plans in order to expand benefits (Walker and Walker, 2011). In the current occurrence, the interest choices of Japanese vacationers are seen as needy more on their per capita salary instead of the costs of wares. In addition, they slant more t owards extravagance things accessible in Guam. To address their issues of normal things, the Japanese vacationers as of late have turned their consideration towards limited ware stores. Consequently, the policymakers ought to decide to upgrade the gracefully of extravagance things in Guam as increment in offer of limited product things don't help with boosting the degree of salary in a country. What's more, the Guamanian policymakers could likewise utilize those apparatuses which give them an edge over other the travel industry goals regarding opportunity costs. For example, the lodging rates in Guam are far less expensive than those in other vacationer goals with the descending pattern particularly noted post the Asian money related emergency, by virtue of high reliance of Guamanian the travel industry on the economy of Japan. The policymakers can likewise decide to educate all Guamanian inns towards keeping their costs low also particularly on occasion when the Japanese economy is encountering a low. In addition, on occasion when the interest is low, the policymakers can decide to alter the accessibility of carrier situates in order to keep the costs consistent and lessen odds of misfortune. Operational Decisions The operational choices that the policymakers ought to receive to support the Guamanian the travel industry area would will in general improve the money related stream inside the economy (Knowles,

Marxist Analysis of the Hunger Games free essay sample

The Hunger Games happens after the decimation of North America, in a country known as Panem, which comprises of a well off Capitol and twelve encompassing, less fortunate areas. Area 12, where the book starts, is situated in the coal-rich district that was once in the past Appalachia. As discipline for a past insubordination to the Capitol in which a thirteenth region was crushed, one kid and one young lady between the ages of 12 and 18 from each area are chosen by yearly lottery to take an interest in the Hunger Games, a broadcast occasion in which the members (or tributes) must battle to the demise in a hazardous outside field constrained by the Capitol until just one remains. The story follows 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, a young lady from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th yearly Hunger Games instead of her more youthful sister, Primrose. Likewise chose from District 12 is Peeta Mellark, a cooks child whom Katniss knows from school, who once gave her bread when her family was starving† (Wikipedia 1). There are solid scholarly topics all through this work promptly loan themselves to different types of investigate. This paper will concentrate on two fundamental kinds of scholarly analysis. The first is Marxist analysis, for which there is a lot of material that uncovers the novel’s unequivocally against colonialist plan. There is a solid persecution of the poor by the rich, and financial enslavement is liable for the colossal difference between the â€Å"haves† and the â€Å"have nots†. The Capitol commands its areas by controlling training and the media, keeping the regions in a condition of appetite and destitution, and observing all parts of existence with a falcon eye. The second type of scholarly analysis applied to The Hunger Games will be women's activist study. Katniss is introduced as a solid, free lady who appears to have risen above the limits of the conventional female sex job, and she is at last fruitful because of her capacity to assume the qualities of either sex as required by her circumstance. She is her family’s supplier, having received normal manly obligations in chasing, trading, and ensuring her sister and mom. In any case, there are times where she can be ensured or bolstered by a male character without feeling debased or agreeable. Also, the female characters all through the set of three who make progress toward independently ladylike sexual orientation jobs are met with restriction and dreary hardship. At last, The Hunger Games is a magnificent work of youthful grown-up fiction that utilizes a cutting edge, tragic culture to offer perusers the opportunity to investigate and study Marxist philosophies just as women's activist idea. Marxist Critique of The Hunger Games One of the most grounded topics in The Hunger Games is its judgment of colonialism, which is spoken to by the Capitol of Panem. All through its pages, the novel welcomes perusers to decry the abusive financial powers and harsh belief systems of the Capitol and its agents. The Hunger Games absolutely has a Marxist motivation as it uncovers the devastating impacts of the abuse of the individuals by the world class not many. Residents of the Capitol are leading existences of extravagance and simplicity while the dedicated and devastated residents of different areas battle to get by. These are â€Å"men and ladies with slouched shoulders, swollen knuckles, numerous who have since a long time ago quit attempting to clean the coal dust out of their messed up nails, the lines of their indented faces† (Collins 4). They are the ideal portrayal of the Marxist low class, â€Å"the greater part of the worldwide populace who live in unacceptable conditions and who have consistently played out the physical work that fills the coffers of the rich† (Tyson 54). They have lost expectation and just drudge under the mastery of the special tip top, the bourgeoisie who control the world’s common, financial, and HR. This control invades each part of their lives †they are continually viewed by â€Å"Peacekeepers† who guarantee that there is no trace of defiance among the individuals. Katniss and her closest companion Gale (a kid who additionally lost his dad at a youthful age) have only scorn for the Orwellian â€Å"big brother† rudeness of the Capitol. â€Å"District Twelve. Where you can starve to death in safety,† Katniss murmurs. At that point she looks rapidly behind her. Indeed, even here, even in the center of no place, you stress somebody may catch you† (Collins 4). The locale are not unequivocally isolated among themselves by religion, ethnicity, or sex, yet rather appear to work as steady networks all by themselves. They are kept from speaking with each other. Notwithstanding, their capacity to gather as one and ascend against the persecution is seen toward the finish of the set of three, when the areas beat their dread of mastery and consolidate as one to vanquish the Capitol. Most of the residents of the locale stay docile. A Marxist knowledge would uncover that they are firmly kept hostage by the oppressive belief systems working in their lives †philosophies that keep them from understanding the material/chronicled conditions in which they live, in light of the fact that the individuals are delayed to recognize that these belief systems influence their lives. Be that as it may, a couple of the principle characters do see this constraint, and they carry on against it. One unmistakable model is in the technique by which youngsters are gone into the lottery to become tributes in the Hunger Games. At the point when a youngster turns 12, they are entered once, at that point twice when they are 13, three times when they’re 14, etc. Be that as it may, poor and starving youngsters have the choice to include their name in more occasions in return for â€Å"tesserae. Each tesserae merits a small year’s flexibly of grain and oil for one person† (13). They may likewise do this for every one of their relatives. So the rich youngsters, who have no requirement for tesserae, have far lower odds of being picked to battle until the very end. By keeping the poor in a consistent condition of dread and abuse and keeping the well off substance and cheerful, the Capitol guarantees that there is no insubordination. Katniss elucidates this, talking about her companion Gale: â€Å"I’ve tuned in to him bluster about how the tesserae are simply one more instrument to cause wretchedness in our region. An approach to plant disdain between the destitute specialists of the Seam and the individuals who can by and large rely on dinner and in this way guarantee we will never confide in each other. ‘It’s to the Capitol’s preferred position to have us isolated among ourselves,’ he may state if there were no ears to hear however mine† (13). Also, the Capitol uses its capacity the entire year between the Games, by giving the triumphant area endowments of grain, oil, and even rarities like sugar, while the remainder of the locale keep on doing combating starvation. This encourages the air of seclusion between locale. The imperialistic Capitol likewise bolsters the entrepreneur thought of â€Å"survival of the fittest† in the Games. Be that as it may, like subjects clear in today’s society, the tributes from specific locale have a particular preferred position, having been all around took care of and prepared for battle for their entire lives. The less-advantaged tributes from more unfortunate regions have needed to work the entire day to accommodate themselves and their families, and in this way have a serious shortcoming when set in opposition to the others. Furthermore, inside the Games, tributes are dependent upon well off â€Å"sponsors† who take them on, wagering that they’ll win. Supporters can send food, medication, and weapons to help the embraced tribute in their battle for endurance. Notwithstanding any aptitudes that a tribute may have, the individual in question is still only a pawn in a round of diversion, constrained by the venture of the rich and kept alive (or not) exclusively for their entertainment. There is an overwhelming control of culture inside The Hunger Games. Opportunity of thought and the sway of truth take a rearward sitting arrangement to the Capitol’s urgent need to look after force. The training of the youngsters in District 12 (Katniss’s home locale) would be vigorously denounced by Marxist pundits †the greater part of the courses are identified with coal mining, which is the core of that district’s economy. â€Å"Except for the week by week address on the historical backdrop of Panem,† as Katniss uncovers, â€Å"It’s for the most part a great deal of blather about what we owe the Capitol. In any case, I know there must be more than they’re letting us know, a genuine record of what occurred during the rebellion† (42). It’s uncovered in the later books that there is to be sure another area, obscure to the residents of Panem, that endure the defiance and lives underground where it’s plotting to oust the Capitol. Furthermore, while the Games are broadcast for â€Å"the citizens’ entertainment†, they are profoundly blue-penciled to depict just pictures that are steady of the Capitol’s power. Katniss becomes a close acquaintence with another tribute in the field that is later murdered in the activity. As a little demonstration of insubordination, to attempt to give her companion some nobility in death, Katniss puts the girl’s body in a quiet position, shuts her eyes, and encompasses her with delightful wildflowers. Her endeavor to say something, in any case, is discarded from that day’s feature reel that’s communicate to the country, â€Å"because even that bears a resemblance to rebellion† (363). Another technique for abuse of the working class by the bourgeoisie is the isolation of the locale. Residents are not permitted outside their own, and thus there is less danger of an uprising. In the Games, when Katniss converses with her partner from another area, it’s a novel encounter for her to catch wind of life outside of District 12: â€Å"It’s fascinating, finding out about her life. We h

Deep Breath

Deep Breath Today is Veterans Day, a federal holiday honoring military veterans. So Id like to begin by giving a shoutout to my grandfather, who, in addition to being a WWII vet, was also ordained as a nondenominational minister 50 years ago today. He is responsible for much of whatever good there is in me. I remember when I told him last year that Id gotten really choked up at CPW when I met some students Id worked with at MITES. A big tear welled up in his eye, and he said: you know, thats whats great about you Chris. Youre just a bit soft. Just the right amount of soft. Love you, Papa. Many people have today off for school or work in honor of Veterans Day, including at MIT. However, Ill be spending today doing what Ill be doing for the next several months, which is reading all of your applications. Because Ill be buried with that, I wont be posting quite so much. But I did want to take a moment to talk about where weve all been, where we all are, and where we are going. Over the past month Ive tried to unpack for you some of our operating ideas about holistic admissions and diversity and merit. Ive discussed data and how to understand its validity. All of these posts have been attempts to shine some light on what is too often a dimly understood process and, to the extent possible, explain how and why we do the work we do. But now our Early Action applicants have all applied, and our Regular Action applicants are about to. So what do we do next? Once your applications are complete and all material received, your application goes to a senior admissions officer, someone with extensive experience and knowledge, who will evaluate your application in its proper context. Strong applications will then be sent to additional admissions readers (like me) who will really dig deeply into the application and prepare a summary almost like a legal brief for the committee. These briefs, along with your entire application, will then be presented to the selection commitee. Multiple rounds of these committees then whittle the class down into its final shape. By the time an applicant is admitted, easily more than a dozen people will have debated and discussed their application. The effect is that, just like our government has a system of checks and balances, so does our admissions committee. The process is long and arduous. Its lots of nights and weekends of work. But at the end, the final class will be a product of all of these different levels of committee and expertise all agreeing that each admitted student is an indispensable member of the class. Thats what Ill be doing from now until April. But what will you be doing? Sometimes I get worried calls or emails from students (or their parents) during senior year, asking what they (or their child) should be doing as the college application process plays out. The first answer, of course, is to keep on keeping on. Keep doing well in classes, keep making your teachers love you, keep inventing and creating, keep writing, and doing all the of the things that you love to do. You dont need to do anything beyond that. But also remember to make or keep time for yourself and your friends. Senior year goes by really quickly. In a few short months, you will be graduating, and soon after that you will be leaving your friends and family for the next phase of your life. This is not a reason to be sad. It is a reason to be glad. You have the opportunity to go out and get a college education at a school of your choosing. Thats amazing. But please, dont get caught in the rat race of doing things just to do them, or to further burnish your resume, or because you think it looks good. This is not the time for that. Maintain, yes. But take the time to make those memories that you will have for the rest of your life. Most of you will have spent most of your lives in your current communities. A lot of people have helped you become as awesome as you are. Thank them. Appreciate them. And enjoy yourself. Be in touch.

The Figure Of The Buddha Essay - 1687 Words

The figure of the Buddha is one that is relatively well recognized throughout the world today. One may wonder why and how people are able to so quickly identify this religious icon in art such as sculpture. With a religion that spread almost entirely throughout the continent of Asia, it is surprising to find that although there are many creative variants, Buddhist sculpture still preserves many key iconographic features. The most fundamental characteristics of Buddhist sculpture are listed in the thirty-two Lakshanas, or â€Å"rules† for depicting the Buddha. In addition, Buddhist portraits also consistently make use of hand gestures, or mudras, and various seated positions, also called the asanas. It can be noted that these serve more than just the purpose of mere aesthetic design, but indeed they have many contextual meanings in the story of Buddhism. Iconography, or the use of visual images and symbols in artwork, is fundamental in understanding the religious context of scu lpture. In this paper I will be discussing notable iconographic features displayed in works similar to the Seated Buddha exhibited in the University of Colorado, Boulder Art Museum and how these features are connected to the larger Buddhist practice as a whole. In the third century BCE, Buddhist art emerged due to the patronage by King Ashoka, the founder of the Mauryan Dynasty. In an effort to spread this new religion, the emperor created grand stone pillars and other shrines inscribed with teachings fromShow MoreRelatedAncient Art Of South And Southeast Asia974 Words   |  4 Pagesfeaturing important religious figures such as Buddha. Two examples are the â€Å"Standing Figure of Buddha† by Takht-iBahi Gandhara and the â€Å"Bodhisattva Maitreya by an unknown artist. Both figures were created in the second and third centuries CE and stand between forty and forty-five inches tall. The height and time period, however, are not the only similarities between the two. There are multiple similarities and differences between the â€Å"Standing Figure of Buddha† by Takht-iBahi Gandhara, and theRead MoreThe Story Of Buddhism By Donald M. Rodriguez Jr.1743 Words   |  7 Pages The Kannon Bosatsu, or Avalokitesvara Bodhisatt va, is a carved wood statue of a Bodhisattva figure standing about two and one half to three meters tall. This statue shows a high level of detail on the Bodhisattva s body, and is carved so smoothly that it could be mistaken for a stone carving. The show of skilled craftsmanship can be seen around the shoulders with the interaction of the cloth with the jewelry the Bodhisattva. The statue is placed on an ornate pedestal to cause the figurineRead MoreThe Role Of Buddhism And Its Arts1304 Words   |  6 PagesGandhara from India were the artist of the Buddha sculpture titled as Teaching Buddha which represents the second miracle of Srasvasti wherein the Buddha performed his superiority over kasyapas. This piece of sculpture was made in second or third century as a seated Buddha on an inverted lotus throne supported by two elephants and a lion. This sculpture’s present location is at The UC Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAMPFA) in Berkeley California. The sc ulpture is placed on the tableRead MoreArt Appreciation Essay1486 Words   |  6 PagesArt Appreciation Rathnasambhava, the Transcendent Buddha of the South and Madonna Enthroned are very similar images that were produced by very different cultures. Both images were produced during the 13th Century. The image of Rathnasambhava, the Transcendent Buddha of the South was produced in Tibet during an interesting period of the country’s religious history. The branch of Tibetan Buddhism is led by a religious and sometimes political leader called the Dalai Lama. It was during the 13thRead MoreBuddha vs Jesus1672 Words   |  7 Pagesof Gautama Buddha, while Christianity is centered upon the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christianity is monotheistic while Buddhism is nontheistic. Christians believe that Christ is the son of God, while Buddhists do not believe in God as the creator of the universe. Buddhism dates back to Nepal, India in the 5th century BCE. The early followers of Buddhism were a community of monks called the sangha. The literal meaning of Buddhism is â€Å"those who follow the teachings of Buddha.† The teachingsRead MoreSymbolism In Buddhism : The Symbols Of Buddhism1009 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion. Buddha himself is one of the greatest symbols of Buddhism, along with many others. The elephant, the prayer wheel, the umbrella, etc. All of these symbols help display what this religious is truly about- peace, understanding, and enlightenment. Symbolism and figures of Buddhism play a big role in showing what the religion is all about as seen through the symbols of Dharma Wheel, Buddha’s Footprint The symbols in Buddhism are very important to the religion. They helped guide Buddha to findRead MoreSimilarities Between Sherlock Holmes And Buddhism1481 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"close-fitting cloth cap,† the reader will be presented with evidence that shows how Holmes both does and does not demonstrate characteristics of Buddhist philosophy and may even be a Buddha-like figure (The Boscombe Valley Mystery, 1891). This article will use the Buddhist concept of the four noble truths, characteristics of the Buddha, and the Buddhist ideas of logic and reason to determine how similar Sherlock Holmes’ personal philosophy is to Buddhist Eastern philosophy. Buddhism, which is not clearlyRead MoreEssay: Formal and Stylistic Analysis of Buddha Amit746 Words   |  3 PagesFormal and Stylistic Analysis of Buddha Amitabha Naiwen Zhang 02/10/2014 Professor Jones ! The sculpture Buddha Amitabha is a typical Sui Dynasty style art piece that represents the will of people who wish to have peace and joy. Their life goals is achieve enlightenment. Their believe of the existence of the western paradise where they will suffer no more from anything. It is also a piece of love and good fortune that was sent from the women to their family. ! Buddha Amitabha is a bronze statue thatRead MoreEssay on Asian Art Museum in San Francisco1315 Words   |  6 PagesArt Museum in San Francisco. Every first Sunday of the month, admission into the museum is free. It is my first time to visit there and I was most impressed with the huge number of Buddhas on display.  Most of the pieces are in excellent condition. It is amazing 600-year-old pottery and all these stone statues of Buddha that looks like it was made yesterday. What really brings this place to life for me are the brilliant combination of social mixers and live performance events mixed with cultural educationRead MoreThe Buddha Stands On The Crown Of The Head With A Round And Plump Face1180 Words   |  5 PagesThis Buddha has a bun-shaped fleshy protuberance on the crown of the head with a round and plump face, which has been severely weathered, leaving half of a halo behind the head. However, a sense of solemn and compassionate can still be perceived from the downward gazing eyes and the facial expression. The Buddha wears a full-shoulder kasaya with compact and specified drapery that forms into a U-shape along the axis of the body. The left hand naturally drops to hold a piece of the clothes yet the

Months of the Year in Spanish

Words for the months are very similar in English and Spanish thanks to their  common heritage: enero — Januaryfebrero — Februarymarzo — Marchabril — Aprilmayo — Mayjunio — Junejulio — Julyagosto — Augustseptiembre, setiembre — Septemberoctubre — Octobernoviembre — Novemberdiciembre — December Key Takeaways: The Months in Spanish The names of the months of year in English and Spanish are similar because they come from the age of the Roman Empire.Names of the months in Spanish are masculine and not normally capitalized.The most common pattern for writing dates in Spanish is number de month de year. Grammar of the Months in Spanish All of the names for months are masculine, although it usually isnt necessary to use the article el except when giving specific dates, and then the el comes before the number rather than the month. Note that unlike in English, the names of the months are not capitalized in Spanish (except at the beginning of a sentence or composition title). Three months have adjective forms: abrileà ±o (pertaining to April), marzal (pertaining to March), and agosteà ±o (pertaining to August). Example: Las lluvias abrileà ±as de nuestro paà ­s son persistentes. (The April rains in our country are persistent.) How to Write Dates in Spanish The most common way of giving dates is following this pattern: el 1 de enero de 2000. For example: La Declaracià ³n de Independencia de los EE.UU. fue ratificada por el Congreso Continental el 4 de julio de 1776 en Filadelfia. (The U.S. Declaration of Independence was ratified by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, in Philadelphia.) As in that example, the word on in an on date phrase does not have to be translated to Spanish. Otherwise, the names of months are used similarly to the structure in English: Abril es el cuarto mes del aà ±o. (April is the fourth month of the year.)Asturias registrà ³ el febrero mà ¡s seco y cà ¡lido desde 1990. (Asturias recorded the driest, warmest February since 1990.)Un aà ±o bisiesto es uno con 366 dà ­as en vez de 365. Cada cuatro aà ±os, febrero tiene un dà ­a mà ¡s. (A leap year is one with 366 days instead of 356. Every four years, February has an extra day.)Fue publicado el 28 de febrero de 2008. (It was published on February 28, 2008.)Era un diciembre mà ¡gico. (It was a magic December.)Se celebra el 24 de octubre como Dà ­a de las Naciones Unidas. (October 24 is celebrated as United Nations Day.)Segà ºn las creencias de la astrologà ­a, las personas que nacieron el 20 de octubre son en cierto modo una paradoja. (According to astrological beliefs, people born on Oct. 20 are paradoxical in some way.)El 25 de octubre es el 298o dà ­a del aà ±o en el calendario gregoriano. (October 25 is the 298th day of the year in the Gregorian ca lendar.)Cada febrero, una marmota llamada Phil sale de su cueva. (Each February, a groundhog named Phil comes out of his burrow.)El 6 de enero es un dà ­a importante para la nià ±ez mexicana, porque es el dà ­a que llegan los Reyes Magos a dejar regalos. (January 6 is an important date for Mexican children, because it is the day that the Wise Men arrive to leave gifts.) Abbreviating Dates When writing dates using just numbers, Spanish typically uses Roman numerals using a date-month-year sequence. For example, September 16, 1810 (Mexicos independence date), would be written as 16-IX-1810. Note that the sequence is similar to that used in English in Great Britain (as well as in most other European languages) but not the United States. Origins of the Months Names The names of the months all come from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire: enero — from the Roman god Janus, the guardian or doors and gates.febrero — from a word meaning purify. A feast of purification was once held at this time of year.marzo — from Martius, the word for the planet Mars.abril — meaning uncertain. It may be a variation of the name of the Greek god Aphrodite.mayo — possibly from Maia, a Roman earth goddess.junio — possibly from Junio, a goddess married to Jupiter.julio — in honor of Julius Caesar.agosto — in honor of August Caesar.septiembre — from a Latin word for seven. September was the seventh month of the old Roman calendar.octubre — from a Latin word for eight.noviembre — from a Latin word for nine.diciembre — from a Latin word for ten.

Ownership Free Essays

In all, If you have the available finances to cover the start-up costs, Snap Fitness Is a great opportunity to become your own boss. The company has put in place many different Owning a Curves franchise is another fitness business that is relatively inexpensive to start-up. Much the same as Snap Fitness, they offer support from the beginning of the process. We will write a custom essay sample on Ownership or any similar topic only for you Order Now Starting with an application, an entrepreneur is provided with support in selecting the best financing options, location selection and promotional activities. The financial requirements are $15-45,000 in liquid capital and a minimum net worth of $75,000. The startup costs are as low as $39,900 and include the franchise ownership, equipment (excluding shipping costs) and training. This particular fitness center has the ability to provide service in small areas helping to keep fixed costs down while being convenient and affordable. Another benefit to this Franchise is the ability to cater to the clientele. Curves is providing fitness activities as well as meal replacement bars, accessories and apparel. There is a multipurpose mix, which provides multiple ways to benefit the customer. With the multiple products and proven success in the industry, Curves is a smart start-up. How to cite Ownership, Papers

Retirement of Revolutionaries in China †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Retirement of Revolutionaries in China. Answer: Introduction The main aim of this task is to explains and analyze that how will China be a most powerful country in the world by 2050. Here is the discussion about the success and growth of the country. China situated in the east of Asia. Its location and sea is beneficial to its manual relations with many neighboring countries and it can take various advantages in terms of exchanges with foreign countries. On the other hand, the paper explains the economic development and legal system of the country. It depicts that how the country makes rules and regulations to protect the rights of the people. China is the largest exporter and second biggest importer in the world in terms of goods and services. It maintains unique travel destinations. Along with this, China began a reform and opening program to enhance the rapid development and economic growth. Political system, education system, culture, technology have been explained in the task. The rapid growth and success depicts that China can be a super power in the world by 2050. The tax system of the country is also effective and unique. It protects the rights of the women. Apart from this, some facts related to the success and growth of the country has been explained in the task. The culture in China is unique and fascinating through which country has been able to attract people widely. Further detail of the task has been discussed below. China is a unitary sovereign society in East Asia and it is one of the biggest populous countries in the world with population of around 1.4103billion (2018). The country covers approx 9,600,000 square kilometers and it is a third largest country measured by the total area (Shambaugh, 2013). Along with this, China has the several neighbors countries in the world. The country is number 1 in the list of nations measured by population. Approx 59.3% population is from urban areas (Worldmeters, 2018). There are various factors which contribute in success and growth of the firm. Some of the factors that help the China to be superpower by 2050 have detailed below. Factors that help the China to be a most powerful in the world by 2050 Prior to 1979, under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong maintained a unique and dynamic economy. A large share of the Chinas economic output was directed and controlled by the state government. The GDP rate of the country is increasing day by day which shows that China can be superpower country in the world (Breznitz and Murphree, 2011). The GDP growth rate of China has been drawn below. The diagram shows that the GDP of the country is increasing in todays era. After the various researchers it is observed that the country will be superpower country in the world by 2050. The per capital GDP in nominal dollars was $8,583 in 2017 in China. Chinas economic success sets an effective example in front of other countries. In this way, the country can attain various advantages in future also (Brown, 2013). China economy data 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Population (million) 1,347 1,354 1,361 1,368 1,373 GDP per capita (USD) 5,635 6,333 7,124 7,662 7,954 GDP (USD bn) 7,592 8,575 9,694 10,480 10,925 Economic Growth (GDP, annual variation in %) 9.5 7.9 7.8 7.3 6.9 Consumption (annual variation in %) 11.0 9.1 7.3 7.7 7.2 Investment (annual variation in %) 24.0 20.6 19.6 15.7 10.0 Industrial Production (annual variation in %) 13.9 10.0 9.7 8.3 6.1 Retail Sales (annual variation in %) 17.1 14.3 13.1 12.0 10.7 Unemployment Rate 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -1.1 -1.6 -1.9 -1.8 -3.4 Public Debt (% of GDP) 14.7 14.4 14.6 14.9 15.5 Money (annual variation in %) 13.6 13.8 13.6 12.2 13.3 Inflation Rate (CPI, annual variation in %, eop) 4.1 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.6 Inflation Rate (CPI, annual variation in %) 5.4 2.6 2.6 2.0 1.4 Inflation (PPI, annual variation in %) 6.0 -1.7 -1.9 -1.9 -5.2 Policy Interest Rate (%) 6.56 6.00 6.00 5.60 4.35 Stock Market (annual variation in %) -21.7 3.2 -6.7 52.9 9.4 Exchange Rate (vs USD) 6.29 6.23 6.05 6.21 6.49 Exchange Rate (vs USD, aop) 6.46 6.31 6.15 6.16 6.28 Current Account (% of GDP) 1.8 2.5 1.5 2.3 2.8 Current Account Balance (USD bn) 136 215 148 236 304 Trade Balance (USD billion) 154 230 258 383 608 Exports (USD billion) 1,898 2,049 2,209 2,342 2,272 Imports (USD billion) 1,744 1,819 1,952 1,959 1,680 Exports (annual variation in %) 20.2 8.0 7.8 6.0 -3.0 Imports (annual variation in %) 25.0 4.3 7.3 0.4 -14.3 International Reserves (USD) 3,181 3,312 3,821 3,843 3,330 External Debt (% of GDP) 9.2 8.6 8.9 8.5 13.0 (Source: Focus economics, 2017) Government of China The government of China is authoritarian. The government has committed to focus and monitor on the economic growth and policy decisions. The government of China is divided among enormous bodies such as executive branch, the legislative branch, the national congress, the state council and the Supreme Court. The legislative branch of the Chinas government encompasses the highest department of the communist party and the national peoples congress (Zhong, 2015). The central military commission consists 11 members and it is liable for monitoring and controlling the peoples liberation army and the peoples armed police. Along with this, national peoples congress selects the chairman of the country. Along with this, a communist system allows limited free trade. By using communist system, the country is expanding and flourishing its business activities and operations across the world. It will help to make a good image in near future. In this way, authoritarian government helps to build and de velop china effectively (Manion, 2014). The political system of China is completely different from other countries. Recently, the government of the country is promoting and enhancing the rule of law. Along with this, Chinese constitution and legislation protect the rights of the human. The formal and informal rules and regulations have been implemented by the Chinese government. As it can be a success factor for China to be a superpower by 2050. The Chinese political system is based on morality instead of legality (Yabuki, 2018). With the help of effective and strong political system, the country can formulate a long term plan for national enhancement and development. Along with this, there is less corruption in China as compared with Russia and India due to strong and effective political system. In addition, the government is more adequate and responsible in such country. Thus, country can easily face various future risks and challenges. It shall be noted that there is personnel training and selecting system in the countr y which helps to attract more talented and skilled people in the country. It also avoids waste of talented people in such country. In this way, the political system of the country is strong and dynamic which can help the country to be powerful nation till 2050 (Fewsmith, 2013). Environment of China The government of China is increasingly paying attention towards the environment. They take care about the issues and barriers of the environment (Carter and Mol, 2013). The state environmental protection administration was initiated by the government and environmental protection act 1998 was made by the government. Along with this, the country also participates in various activities which could reduce the negative impact of the climate change and global warming. It is seen that the country maintains a favorable environment. The strong and favorable environment helps an organization to start new business activities and operations in such country (Schaffer et al, 2011). The China government has continuously set a complete law system for the foreign enterprises to invest in China. The basic laws and regulations encompass three laws such as the law on Chinese foreign equity joint ventures, the law on wholly foreign owned enterprises and the law on Chinese foreign contractual joint ventures. It is seen that government of the country is considering its existing rules, legislation and statues in according with the WTO. The China follows socialist rule of law in the country. Along with this, Chinas legal system is based on the model of Civil law. In this way, the legal system of the country focuses on the freedom and rights of people. It will help to make a bright country by 2050 across the world. The dynamic and unique legal system also helps to conduct new business activities and operations in such country. As a result, it will increase the profitability and revenue of the country in the world (Jia and Jukes, 2013). The socio-cultural can play a significant role to make the country super powerful in the future. China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world as it also maintains profound, unique and rich culture in the country. Along with this, Chinese culture is dynamic and diverse. The Chinese culture includes heritage, festivals, the arts, traditions, language and symbols. The Chinese performing arts include Chinese Kungfu, Beijing Opera and Chinese folk dance. In addition, the country celebrates several festivals in all over the world which helps to make unique China from other countries. Chinese uses reckoned and pictographic language commonly. Every country maintains its symbols, as the same way China has several symbols includes the red flag, table tennis, and the great wall. All these make China unique and beautiful as compared to other countries. Chinese are talented and intelligent so as they can easily accept challenges and risks. They are ready to accept new technologies and innovation. Now it is assumed that the country can become more in coming year due to its unique and beautiful culture. Technology in China Science and technology is developing rapidly in the country since 1990. The country is much advance in education, science and infrastructure. It has been observed that Chin is a leader in the science and technology. The Chinese discoveries and Chinese innovations like the compass, printing, papermaking and gunpowder are contributing in the economic development in the Asia and Europe. China is a major leader who is providing wider contribution in research and development. In 2012, the country spent approx one trillion yuan($164 billion) on research and development (De La Tour, Glachant and Mnire, 2011). Therefore, the country can take various advantages in the coming years by using science technologies. Science and technology will help the country to address various issues such as pollution, and industrial issues. In addition, the percentage of labor force in China is higher than in the United States. Along with this, the country provides better wage and salary to scientists as compar ed with United States. The Chinese scientists earn approx 25%, medical doctors earn more than 13% and lawyers earn 5%. In this way, the country gives higher contribution in technology advancement which will help the country to be a superpower nation in the world by 2050 (Naughton, 2012). A state run system of public education in China is carried by ministry of education. All citizens in the country attend education for at least 9 years. The education system of the China is unique and effective. The education system of China is well know and reputed in the world. The Chinese education system is divided into three categories that include kindergarten, primary school and secondary school (Hansen, 2011). The Kindergarten and primary schools are run by the local authorities in the country. It shall be observed that Chinas education system is one of the largest education systems in the world. There is 4% of the total GDP investment of education is done by China in education system. It is noted that education system of China emphasizes and encourages academic achievements and tests as compared with the western countries. In the early age, children become multitalented due to effective and dynamic education system. It will help the China to be a superpower by 2050. Also, it will help to make a beautiful and educated country in the world (King, Marginson and Naidoo, 2011). Infrastructure in China The infrastructure of China is giving contribution in socio-economic development of the country. Economic growth is facilitated in part by water, roads and power investments that help the poor people to survive their life. It will also help to reduce poverty in the country. Infrastructure also provides wide range of contribution in the environmental sustainable development. Along with this, proper infrastructure facilities are being provided by the country to initiate new business operations. In this way, the adequate infrastructure system helps in protecting the environment of the country. Now it is stated that infrastructure helps the country to become successful in the world. Along with this new IT infrastructure covers a wider geographical areas and provides support to a variety of methods, techniques and diverse protocols for communication. Apart from this, IT infrastructure also focuses on the global operations and resources. Due to effective infrastructure system, optimum util ization of resources can be done in the country (Ansar et al, 2016). Since1978, Chinas rapid economic development has bought about a growing demand for energy. The government of China has introduced a number of reform policies and strategies to attract investment, including pricing reform, legal reform, foreign exchange reform and enterprise reform. To improve and enhance the performance of the energy industries, various programs have been conducted by the government in the recent years. These programs would have a favorable and significant impact on the energy sector. In addition, China is the largest energy consumers across the world. Coal dominates the countrys energy structure due to energy resources for a long time. Coal plays an effective role in the Chinas energy supply (Hou and Li, 2011). China adopts a progressive taxation system where the tax rate is 20% 40 for freelancers in three levels and 3% to 45% for regular employees in three levels. Taxes provide a major part of the revenue to the government in China. In this way, effective and unique tax system is followed by the country to generate more and more revenue in near future. In this way, the China can be a successful and powerful nation in the world (Fang et al, 2013). Financial system in China The financial system of the country is strong and unique which helps to differentiate the China from the other nations. China is one of the biggest economies measured by nominal GDP and it is the biggest economy by purchasing power parity. Along with this, China is the largest manufacturing economy in the world. Along with this, it provides fastest growing consumer market to the people. In this way, the country is playing a prominent role in international trade. The GDP growth is 6.9%(2017) and labor force is 803.6 million(2017). Mining, iron, steel, aluminum, apparel, petroleum, chemicals, cements and food processing are considered the main industries of the country (Allen et al, 2012). The financial system of the country is attractive and effective. To make Chinas financially strong, import and export play a vital role in the country. The country exported around $1.2 trillion goods and services across the world in 2010. The top export partners of China include United States (17.7%) , Sourth Korea (5.25), Hong Kong (13.3%) Japan (8.1%), and Germany (4.1%). The countrys top import partners include United States, Germany, Taiwan, South Korea and Japan. Import and export play an empirical role to gain maximum profits and revenue in the marketplace. It can provide a good opportunity to the China to be successfully in different countries (Jarreau and Poncet, 2012). Climate is extremely diverse and unique in China. A peculiar and specific feature of China is its monsoon nature. The rainfall season generally comes in the hottest season. In the northeast, the summers are dry and hot and the winters are freezing cold. In the southeast, there is ample of rainfall, semi tropical summers and cool winters (Li, X et al, 2011). In this way, the weather and climate are differ in China as compared with other countries. It will help to attain long term mission and vision (Domrs and Peng, 2012). Now it is assumed that the China can become successful and powerful nation in the world. These factors help the China to explore and expand its businesses globally. On the other hand, telecommunication also plays a vital role in China for providing effective and unique internet, e-commerce services to the customers (Price, Verhulst and Morgan, 2013). Telecommunication system also helps in maintaining effective and open communication in the country. In addition, effective quality and control system is used by Chinese to focus on the quality and features of the products and services. Along with this, most of the companies maintain sustainable human resources management within the organization. It can also be successful strengths for the China in near future. In addition, Chinese people follow different customs and values as compared to westerns. The most popular games of China include cricket battling, badminton, ant cricket and Knucklebones. These games are well know and famous in Chi na. Games, values, beliefs and customs are main characteristics of Chinese culture. China is one of the largest countries in the world for utilizing of resources at cheap labor and material cost (Maciocia, 2015). Along with this, the country is becoming leader in the technology innovation in term of textile manufacturing, aluminum, producing of steel and agricultural revolution. Apart from this, various innovative techniques and tools are being used by the country to beat the competitors in the world. China is a land of amazing landmarks and history for the world. Their culture is based on thousands of years of people and their history shows remarkable growth of the country (Zhou, Chen, Ma and Liu, 2013). Conclusion On the above mentioned study, it has been concluded that China is one of the biggest and oldest countries in the world, has provided different inventions to the people that have changed the way of mankind. Along with this, the country is known for wheat, medicines, rice, gunpower and papermaking products which are traded on Silk Road. The land of China is consists of hills, forests, mountains and deserts. Taosim, Buddhism, and Confucianism are main religion in China. The countrys progress shows that China will be superpower by 2050. On the other hand, China is expanding and exploring its cooperation with other countries in science and technology, culture, and education. Along with this, the countrys tourism industry is fastest growing and flourishing in the world. All this make great contribution to make China extraordinary in todays competitive world. It is a well developed and unique country and the methods used by the Chinese in their communication, culture, writing and religion are interesting and complex. International trade and investment are fastest growing and exploring in the country. The above mentioned analysis shows that the countrys economic and financial system is very strong and dynamic. In addition, China follows unique and effective culture to attract more and more people across the world. Tax system in China is also remarkable which makes different the country from the other countries. Although, the country is performing well and growing in the world but still China should focus on the education system to retain more people. In this way, the country might able to make a powerful country in the world by 2050. The history of the coun try shows that the country will become progressive and successful in coming years. Several new and innovative inventions are done by the country. Along with this, technology is great and amazing in China. Due to advanced technology, new inventions will be done by the country. As a result, the country will become successful and powerful in near future management. References Allen, F., Qian, J., Zhang, C. and Zhao, M., 2012.China's financial system: opportunities and challenges(No. w17828). National Bureau of Economic Research. Ansar, A., Flyvbjerg, B., Budzier, A. and Lunn, D., 2016. Does infrastructure investment lead to economic growth or economic fragility? Evidence from China.Oxford Review of Economic Policy,32(3), (pp.360-390). Breznitz, D. and Murphree, M., 2011.Run of the red queen: Government, innovation, globalization, and economic growth in China. Yale University Press. Brown, L.R., 2013.Eco-economy: building an economy for the earth. Routledge. Carter, N. and Mol, A.P. eds., 2013.Environmental governance in China. Routledge. De La Tour, A., Glachant, M. and Mnire, Y., 2011. Innovation and international technology transfer: The case of the Chinese photovoltaic industry.Energy policy,39(2), (pp.761-770). Domrs, M. and Peng, G., 2012.The climate of China. Springer Science Business Media. Fang, G., Tian, L., Fu, M. and Sun, M., 2013. The impacts of carbon tax on energy intensity and economic growtha dynamic evolution analysis on the case of China.Applied energy,110, (pp.17-28). Fewsmith, J., 2013.The logic and limits of political reform in China. Cambridge University Press. Hansen, M.H., 2011.Lessons in being Chinese: Minority education and ethnic identity in Southwest China. University of Washington Press. Hou, Q. and Li, S.M., 2011. Transport infrastructure development and changing spatial accessibility in the Greater Pearl River Delta, China, 19902020.Journal of Transport Geography,19(6), (pp.1350-1360). Jarreau, J. and Poncet, S., 2012. Export sophistication and economic growth: Evidence from China.Journal of development Economics,97(2), (pp.281-292). Jia, C. and Jukes, D., 2013. The national food safety control system of Chinaa systematic review.Food Control,32(1), (pp.236-245). King, R., Marginson, S. and Naidoo, R. eds., 2011.Handbook on globalization and higher education. Edward Elgar Publishing. Li, X., Takahashi, T., Suzuki, N. and Kaiser, H.M., 2011. The impact of climate change on maize yields in the United States and China.Agricultural Systems,104(4), pp.348-353. Maciocia, G., 2015.The Foundations of Chinese Medicine E-Book: A Comprehensive Text. Elsevier Health Sciences. Manion, M., 2014.Retirement of revolutionaries in China: Public policies, social norms, private interests. Princeton University Press. Naughton, B. ed., 2012.The China circle: Economics and technology in the PRC, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Brookings Institution Press. Price, M.E., Verhulst, S. and Morgan, L. eds., 2013.Routledge handbook of media law. Routledge. Schaffer, R., Agusti, F., Dhooge, L.J. and Earle, B., 2011.International business law and its environment. Cengage Learning. Shambaugh, D.L., 2013.China goes global: The partial power(Vol. 111). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Unece,2016. Overview of Chinas energy industry development[Online]. Available at https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/energy/se/pp/eneff/7th_IFESD_Baku_Oct.2016/ESCAP_Elec_CIS/1_H.Wan_CHI.pdf. [Accessed on 16th April 2018]. Worldmeters. 2018. China population [Online]. Available at https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/china-population/. [Accessed on 16th April 2018]. Yabuki, S., 2018.China's New Political Economy: Revised Edition. Routledge. Zhong, Y., 2015.Local Government and Politics in China: Challenges from below: Challenges from below. Routledge. Zhou, F., Chen, J., Ma, G. and Liu, Z., 2013. Energy-saving analysis of telecommunication base station with thermosyphon heat exchanger.Energy and Buildings,66, (pp.537-544).

The Story of an Hour Essay Example

The Story of an Hour Essay â€Å"When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease—of joy that kills. † MLA Formatted Essay Writing/ TIIC Writing Assignment: Submit a fully developed 3 paragraph essay to turnitin. com in response to the following question: Early in the story we learn that Mrs. Mallard is â€Å"afflicted with heart trouble,† though her unexpected reaction to her husband’s death may suggest an alternative reason for her poor health. What was the cause of Mrs. Mallard’s Death? Explain your point of view/argument citing the short story for support. Assignment Criteria: †¢ 3 paragraphs/ MLA Format (could be longer if necessary) †¢ Paragraph 1 (Introduction) includes: -hook -thesis statement identifying the reason you believe Mrs. Mallard died -explanation of thesis -concluding sentence †¢ Paragraph 2 (large body) includes: -Topic sentence -quote/textual support -commentary -quote/textual support -commentary -quote/textual support -commentary -concluding sentence †¢ Paragraph 3 (conclusion) includes: -Restated thesis -final â€Å"call to action† or message you want to leave with reader †¢ Must provide in text citations as well as a work cited page to accompany your essay. -Text source information to use for your citations: â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin Published by Perfection Learning, 2001 You may find it useful to consider the following questions: ? What do the characters in the story believe caused Mrs. Mallard’s Death? ? What lead them to this conclusion? ? What do you, as the reader know that the other characters do not? ? What does Chopin mean by â€Å"the joy that kills? † How would Mrs. Mallard’s family interpret this quote differently than Mrs. Mallard, herself, would? We will write a custom essay sample on The Story of an Hour specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Story of an Hour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Story of an Hour specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Internet Initialisms

Internet Initialisms Internet Initialisms Internet Initialisms By Maeve Maddox Although I’ve adopted a few initialisms such as BTW, LOL, and IMHO in my own informal writing, I’m mostly ignorant of the alphabet soup current on Twitter and other social media sites. When a reader recently introduced me to the combination DRTL, I realized that this new language represents not just a kind of shorthand, but also a new philosophy of written language. This particular construct, DRTL, seems to me to symbolize the new philosophy: DRTL = Didn’t Read, Too Long. Note: A more common version of DRTL is TLDR or tl;dr, meaning too long; didnt read. Strings of commonly understood letter combinations such as FYI (For your information), TGIF (Thank God it’s Friday), and ASAP (As soon as possible) pre-date the Internet, of course, but they never occurred in the profusion that exists now. Readers who share my lack of currency in Abbreviation-Speak may find the following list useful. AFAIK: As far as I know AIUI: As I understand it BTDT: Been there, Done that BTW: By the way F2F: Face to face FOAF: Friend of a friend FWIW: For What it’s worth GAL: Get a life GIGO: Garbage In, Garbage Out HTH: Hope that helps IANAL: I am not a lawyer ICYMI: In case you missed it IIRC: If I recall correctly IMHO: In my humble opinion IMO: In my opinion IRL: In real life ISTM: It seems to me JK (also J/K) Just kidding LOL: Laughing out loud OMG: Oh, My God OTOH: On the other hand OTT: Over the top STW: Search the Web TIL: Today I learned TMI Too much information TTYL: Talk to you later WYSIWYG: What you see is what you get Of course this list is a mere scratching of the surface. And I’ve deliberately left out the ones that contain a gratuitous F. Nevertheless, even a short list may help a few codgers navigate Twitter with a little more comprehension. HTH. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesUsing "zeitgeist" Coherently

E-Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

E-Marketing - Essay Example This essay is a critical evaluation of their entry strategy and also an analysis of their entry strategy with models included to improve their strategy regarding e-marketing. Amazon is an American based company situated in Seattle, Washington. It was the first leading e-commerce company that successfully sold products online. The company was booming until the downfall of the IT industry in 1990’s and it had to face serious criticism from all sides. But the company faced the tests of time and emerged victorious after making a profit again in 2003. The founder of Amazon.com, Jeff Bezos started this company in 1995 as only an online book store but gradually the company diversified into new product categories. Amazon is now a virtual multinational since it has its separate websites in many companies around the world, namely; Japan, U.K. Germany, Austria, France, Canada and China. The site is accessible worldwide and it is a global company that is capable of shipping products all around the globe. Today Amazon is a huge name in the e-commerce industry and also a leading company in its genre. Currently, the company has been vying to enter into e-marketi ng that is selling products digitally over the internet instead of shipping them to every part of the globe. Since the company’s business model has always been swarmed with the shipping mania, it is now taking the conversion from traditional marketing to e-marketing very slowly so that business is fully integrated with no unit left behind and finally gushing towards the prime position successfully. They are still developing as an e-marketing firm and moving steadily to their desired destination. Amazon entered the market with the acquisition of mobipockets.com which is based in Paris. Amazon adopted a hush hush attitude towards the acquisition of the company that is now its subsidiary that sells products digitally online. It provides books online as a download for some

Tax Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Tax - Research Paper Example Inherently, the Democratic Party openly endorses a tax system that will see the wealthiest, together with corporations pay their fair share of tax. Moreover, they are calling for decisive steps to be made in order to restore fiscal responsibility. Actually, Obama proposes that tax for people earning over $250,000 annually be raised. Essentially, this will affect about 1% of the country’s population, and moreover, this is expected to reduce the deficit with about $ 4.2 trillion in the next decade. In addition, democratic platform follows the framework for corporate tax reform that was introduced by the president (Kapur 5). Actually, the reform advocates for use of closure of corporate tax holes so as to pay for lower tax rates. Notably also, the platform also seeks to undo corporate tax credits together with deductions for the businesses that mainly shift jobs overseas and in the same time lower the rates for the corporations that have invested in the country, especially in res earch and manufacturing. On the other hand, Gleckman, purports that the 2012 republican platform proposes an absolute overhaul of the federal tax system and instead, it calls for a national sales tax or value added tax as the best solution to the country’s budget problems (4). Further, the republicans claim that the move will involve instituting a value added tax, which entails a tax that will confiscate money at different stages of production process. More importantly, Romney also plans to cut taxes by 20 percent, for all as well as do away with alternative minimum tax together with estate tax as well. In addition, his tax plans also speaks of eliminating taxes on investment income for the couples earning an income of below $200,000 (and $100,000 for individuals), as well as maintain the current low tax rates for those with high incomes. The US federal income tax structures base on models of aggregation in expenditure. Application of the Euler equation approach of Hall (978),

Vulnerability Of Adults With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay

Vulnerability Of Adults With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay Adults with learning disabilities who are vulnerable need support to ensure that they are not denied the right or opportunity to make their own decision and give their own consent (Peate Fearns, 2006). According to Hayes, (1993) states that, adults with learning disabilities who may have had no choice but to accept the labels dingbat or airhead to cover the confusion, memory lapses, misread or misunderstood directions, or the dozens of other mean tricks that adult has played on through the years. People who have much less the ability and capacity to understand new or complex information, either less able learn new skills also has a little ability to dealing independently like-the ability to social work weakness and the requirement that of the beginning before the age of puberty have a lasting effect on development (Scottish Executive,2010). Adults with learning disabilities comprise of a highly vulnerable part of the society, who have limited access to health care facilities /services offered to them. According to Kerr et al., (1996a) he states that, learning disabilities suffer form a similar range of morbidity as the general population, but some conditions are seen with greater frequency within certain syndrome. They are often faced with obstacles and challenges while coping with grave situations such as loss and bereavement of loved ones, personal illness, death etc (Elliott, 1995).They are known to have been ignored persistently in terms of providing services in the need of personal illness, death, and other challenging life situations, thus increasing their vulnerability all the more (Elliott, 1995). Vulnerability Risk: A vulnerable adult is a person who is eighteen years of age or older who is, or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability, age or illness; and who is or may be unable to take care of him or herself, or protect him or herself against significant harm or exploitation. -No Secrets March 2000, p 45. Every human being becomes vulnerable during their lifetime for many of reasons they all respond differently to events that happen to them because of who they are and the lack of support that they have around them (Jacki, 2001). The term vulnerable adult(s) is now use more widely in the social care field than it ever was, but it may be open to interpretation and being vulnerable means different things to different people (Jacki,2001). People with learning disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups in the society (Department of Health 2001). Learning disabilities may be more at risk not only because their own difficulties in understanding or communication but also because of the way they receive services and the fact that they may be actively targeted or taken advantages (Jean and Anthea, 1997). The broad definition of vulnerable adults is a person: who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or disability, age or illness; and who is or may be unable to take care of themselves, or unable to protect him against significant harm, risk or exploitation (DOH 2000, s.2.3). Among the most vulnerable members of society they cant speak up for themselves. For example, if consequences are limited when an adult with learning disabilities abuses another person, the victim may be left with the idea that such behaviour is normal and acceptable, and that services will provide little protection and that their complaints will not be heard. It may also increase their vulnerability to further abuse because abuse can become normalised and more likely to be the victim of abuse physically (McCarthy and Thompson, 1996). The Oxford Dictionary define risk as meaning a hazard, a dangerous, exposure to mischance or peril, as verb it also similar which means hazard, to danger, to expose to the chance of injury or loss( Parsloe, 2005). Risk is closely linked to dangerousness, resulting in harm which seems to be agreed means harm to self or others and extend of harm which constitutes a risk in various situations especially adult with learning disabilities. If you dont know for sure what will happen, but you know the odds thats risk, and if you dont even know the odds, thats uncertainty (Knight, 1921, p.25). Royal Society (1983) states that, risk assessment which axiom as the probability that a particular adverse event occurs and social services has been concerned predominate with risk assessment to prevent harm. They may also suffer further if they have to deal with seeing their perpetrator on a regular basis, and may be subject to further assaults in retaliation of their initial complaint. In addition to the risks to existing victims, poor responses may result in increasing numbers of people being abused. Definition of vulnerable adult in section 80(6) Care Standard Act 2000 states that- (a) an adult to whom nursing and accommodation or personal care are provided in care whom (b) in adult to whom personal care is provided in their under arrangements made by a domiciliary care agency own home (Peate Fearns, 2006). Adults with learning disabilities, and those people who have a less capacity like who have mental illness, old and frail, need protection from potentially abusive situation over which they might have little control (Department of Health, 2000). Learning disability Adolescents obliviously it is not always acted in ways that serve their own best interests, even as defined by them (Fischhoff et al., 2000). Sometimes their perception of their own risks, even of survival to adulthood, is larger than the reality; in other cases, they underestimate the risks of particular actions or behaviours since adults abuse and risk has gain higher profile. According to Kemshall and Pritchard (2001) states that, there has been much debate about a welfare model or a criminal justice model should be adopted. After the recent death Steven Hoskin 22 years young man who has been dead by numbers people. Adults vulnerable protection systems are likely to come under close scrutiny (Jacki, 2001). It is possible, indeed likely, that some adolescents engage in risky behaviours because of a perception of invulnerability-the current conventional wisdom of adults views of adolescent behaviour. Others, however, take risks because they feel vulnerable to a point approaching hopelessness (Fischhoff et al., 2000). In either case, these perceptions can prompt adults to make poor decisions that can put them at risk and leave them vulnerable to physical or psychological harm that may have a negative impact on their long-term health and viability. Learning Disabilities: The concept of learning disability Brumback (2004), people who have development disorder in their language, speech, reading and associated communication skills needed for social interaction also who have sensory handicaps such as blindness or deafness and generalized mental retardation. According to Robert (2009) Learning disability is a neurodevelopment disorder affecting a specific cognitive skill that occurs in the presence of intact skills in most others realms and specific impairments are presumed to be due to dysfunction of the brain and to have been present since birth. And learning disability substantially limits functioning in one or more aspect of persons life (Mapou, 2004). According to Mencap (2010) reports that, in the UK there are 1.5 million people with a learning disability. Most are treated as different and dont have the same control over their own lives as the rest of our society. Over the past century and a half there have been huge changes in the in the labelling of those people presently categorize as having learning disabilities. In social policy terms, they have been variously labelled as vagabonds, idiots, mentally handicapped, learning disabled, and people with learning difficulties among others names (Gordon,2005). Above the definition indicates that, Learning Disabilities is thà Ã‚ µ terminology used to label people that function at an intellectual level that is significantly lower than the average people in society (David and Hinor,2003). Different periods in history have meant different things, depending on the social and economic circumstances of the time, and of course on how long people with learning disabilities lived (Brian, 2006). Risk Assessment Decision Making Process/ Practice Tools: Increasingly responding to the risks of others, preventing risks to vulnerable adults or running risks to themselves is all in days work for the busy practitioners and manager in the field of social care (Brearley, 1982). Every day a lot of risk situation changes rapidly and what applied yesterday but may not today. Those service users who are identified as at risk would be provided highly effective instruction to reduce their risk in the identified area (e.g., language, reading, numeracy/ math, behaviour) (Brown, 2003). David Carson (1988b) points to about risk Risks should be taken to achieve specific goals in the light of possible harms occurring and Taking risks involves deciding that the potential benefits of a proposed act out weight the potential drawback (p.248). Hence risk always should be taking whether or not to act to achieve beneficial results in an awareness of potential harm. To minimize risk and make it useful and meaningful, may risk situations need to be reassessed regularly perhaps daily basis according service users daily need. People with learning disabilities are subject to risk all time due to their vulnerability they sometimes abused by those who have control over them or by those who realize that they are vulnerable because of their disabilities they often find it very much more difficult to assess risk the way most of social carer and services do (Vaughn and Fuchs, 2003). While most of carer don dont asses risk very efficiently they generally make some attempt to do so. Its not easy at all to do risk assessment as it is a complex task and most of the time carer or support worker they do adequately but not very thoroughly (Carol, 2002). In spite of some difficulties, there is an increasing awareness that people with learning disabilities can make choices, moreover they want to do so. Nevertheless its often failed to consider is that, the amount of risk that these choices carry and most of us have grown up accustomed to risk-taking. Many problems about assessing risk that different services user may perceive the different risk. What is acceptable to one person may not be acceptable to another. Main objective of the risk assessment when its possible may sometimes affect decision making in number of different ways (Heilbrun, K.et.al (1999). It is true many adults with learning disabilities who have always facing risk in their everyday life. Significantly about choice decision sometimes its difficult for adult as well carer to make right choice how could be at risk. The difficulty for people with learning disabilities is that carers often do feel often they are expected to make these choices for them. The law of negligence can appear to inhibit decision making personal freedom and choice sit uncomfortably next to the concepts of duty of care and professional liability (Fuchs, 2003). People with learning disabilities may not have done perhaps carers need to be encouraged to help their service users how to make choices with and appreciation of the risk involved. This is more challenging task than just encouraging choice alone it seems that not only should people with learning be allowed to make choices and take risk they should actively be encourage to do (Kemshall Pritchard, 1996). Multidisciplinary Risk Assessment: There are a range of sources where information can be gained for a through risk assessment which include the prospective resident, their relatives or practitioners involve with the person and any written reports; which may be historic or recent (Alaszewski and Manthorpe, 2002). The problem with the right to make choices is that it assumes that adult with learning disabilities are able to make choice about risk in the same way every one does (Heilbrun, K.et.al.1999). It acknowledge that adult with learning disabilities do have real difficulties with many cognitive takes. Most have problems in assessing risk effectively because of the complexity of doing so it is likely that people with learning disabilities will find the particular difficult. An endeavour to make balance the protection of vulnerable adults, as standard in the No Secrets guidance ( DoH, 2000) where different policies that encourage and aid to take more control to service users in their lives which also including to tak e opportunities and manage risks. In 2007, Department of Health established risk assessment and management regulation and various assessment tools for help practitioners and professional to work predominately in the field of social care. According to Jones, 1998 states that, the assessment of ability to consent and the ability to make real choice, especially in relation to understanding the likely consequences of the choices or decision made. It could be helpful when any risk assessment plan to do like-if carer support worker want to take any decision about the service users or any person , is the person are aware about that decision been mad or going take ? Are they communicating their choice decision making? Giving more choice people with learning disabilities especially about taking risk, its mean that carer have to be alert to the extent to which the service users are able realistically to assess the level of risks involved (Sellars, 2003). Many adult with learning disabled the most successful way to avoid and minimize risk to avoid further problem is by effective management. When the person concerned may have been living in a setting where the opportunities for such behaviour have been very limited or absent, carers and professionals are sometimes tempted to assume that because the recent past has been incident-free the problem has disappeared (Carol, 2003) Risk Assessment: Risk assessment is about predicting the future and the likelihood of particular events occurring; these will be both wanted and unwanted events (Pritchard, 2004). Risk assessment is merely the description of good methodical practice to risky situations (Jones, 1998 p.5). In leave to address matters of importance for instance dangers, hazards, and known triggers and how best to keep away from them is a risk assessment. Confirm that they are recognizable with the exacting risks that you have put measures in place to reduce, or eliminate them and that you could face with the person in your care. A multifaceted and time consuming task and a continuous process is Assessment (Pritchard, 1997). Assessment of risk for adult with learning disabilities which should be evolutionary in nature constantly informed and shaped by changes of circumstances upon service users needs (Brown, 2003). The practice of risk assessment and management is the process of data collection, recording, interpretation, communication and implementation of risk reduction plan (Maden, 1996). For the risk of learning disability, clinical model of risk assessment have become the norm. There are two kinds of risk that are relevant to work people with learning disabilities, risk of unnecessary exposure to undesirable events or experience, and risk of negative consequences when possible benefits and desirable experiences are perused ( William, 2006). Above this it is clear that a strategy of prevention should implement, and management is required so that risk and benefit are balanced. In social care and health care there are broadly two main context of risk which are not provided and everyday risk in their life and learning disability have a history of formally documented offence (Thompson, 2000). So far it has been established that different service users have different risk upon their physical and mental health which is major issue for people with learning disabilities and there are large number of people with learning disabilities who suffer from variety of physical and mental health condition (Heilbrun, K.et.al. 1999). However, the true extent of the problem cannot be known, due to difficulties in assessment, and it is estimated that the actual number is high due to the service users being unable to sufficiently communicate their social life. It follow that the more severe the communication problems, sometime its difficult service user are gain true assessment (Priest Gibbs2004). In order to fully appreciate the process of risk assessment, here identify the one of particular service users and consider the kind of life they lead at present. Service users who is Mr M 22 years old young male with complex physical learning disabilities who has Cerebral palsy affecting all four limbs, epilepsy, severe learning difficulties and Migraine which affects him seizure pattern. Who lives in a residential care home with four others service users people with learning disability. However this service user also have gastro feed which need to use for his water and medication as he cant drink and always need someone to assist his food. Deliberate self-harm is relatively common when he feels unhappy and anxiety his verbal language is very limited he can communicate within short sentences and can answer yes/no. Mr M always need to use wheel chair for maintains his everyday life. Assessment of risk The plan should note risk low, medium or high as well as the impact of the child or young person on others. (Guidance on the Child or Young Persons Plan, Scottish Executive. 2007, page 13). Risk assessment is useless unless the results are shared with everyone who is involved in the care of ht client (Sellars, 2003 p.154). There are several risk exist her for this service users as he has Cerebral palsy which is a general term used by doctors to refer to a set of neurological conditions that affect a people movement and co-ordination. Neurological conditions affect the brain and nervous system. Epilepsy is common, he needs to regular medicine and to control this and possibly refer to regular doctor visit due to he has migraine problem as well as. He also has choking difficulties while he eats his meal. Risk can fall of wheel chair if it does not fasten. At risk of being hurt when moved. And at risk of falling off ramp when loading in to resident vehicle while he travelling. Risk to carer/staff: This service user often to risk carer or staff, some risk that he could become aggressive if he is feel hungry or any physical illness. Infrequently he can become aggressive or even violent during the illness so that this behaviour needs to be monitored. Frequency of risk: This service user sometimes settled and had good responded well to medication. It is likely he is vulnerable and sometime faced with stress in his life due his migraine problem. And he has Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) and need to see doctor every four months. Level of Risk: The level of risk is very high this residential care home has own risk assessment plan. For minimize the risk as vulnerable adult trust has their own policy according to service users need. For health and safety and others physical risks as well as there are recognized health risk associated with the carer and service users. Taking risks daily on occasion, and thus the level of risk that he will come to harm which is quite high. Manual handling risk: To minimize risk during changing of position in bed/on floor, slide sheet to be used and make sure service user is positioned correctly and two trained staff to assist him all times. Staff to use high adjustments on equipment where needed like Hoist. To transfer from bed to chair, chair to bed and chair to chair the level of risk also high staff always hoisted for all transfer using allocated sling. Staff to use height adjustment equipment where available during Changing Bench/ shower/ bath level of risk also high. Due to his physical ability while he travels in transport he need his wheel chair and have to make sure four point clamps to be use while on the vehicle and addition seat belt to minimize risk during his journey. Possible outcome: The immediate outcome is that health needs are constantly monitored by his parents and his career. He has cerebrally palsy which affecting his limbs and also had severe learning disability and epilepsy which is controlled using prescribed medicine that administrated by his concern of his resident/trust. He also sometimes suffers from migraine and takes medication for his migraines appears to be controlled at the present time. He always uses wheel chair for mobility. Seizure and migraines are prone to increase when become too warm and carers are aware of this which is monitor by closely. Managing Risk: From the above analysis it is clear that this service user is a high risk client. However, the key to understanding the level of risk is the acceptance that his behaviour could be change which depends on his medication and close support from his parents/ career and doctor. And it is important in the first instance try keep staff safe and would be wise to ensure that staff work always in pairs, and that vulnerable are not left alone unattended. While assessed others should not be put at risk and violence cant be ignored (Casellas, 2003). Sometimes it would be wise to monitor behaviour it may be possible to discover patterns his behaviour like- When he became agitated is there any time or reason? How about his voice does he react different tones of voice? Why he wants to hit staff is there any communication gape? Are some time or someday difficult? Does he feel uncomfortable or need personal support? Or are there any physical problems which make him unhappy and annoyed? For behaviour assessment by psychologist or doctors recommended, in order to see if any patterns emerge this may allow the behaviour plan to be managed within the existing home. However sometime service users simply exploiting inexperience staff to his advantage, then it may be necessary to move him to another place ensuring that he is supported by staff with experience who knows him well. Thus a review of medication and careful monitoring to ensure that he takes it may improve the situation which he has epilepsy and others physical illness. And staff should be aware environment they are in and hazard that may be present. While proper risk-assessment procedures may be lengthy and complex quality of life for a person with learning disabilities is likely to depend upon them (Kemshall and Pritchard 1996). Conclusion/Recommendation: Risks change constantly and people grow, change, and develop. It is important to review risk assessment regularly, and aim always to increase choice and freedom for the people with learning disability (Sellars, 2003 p.155). People with learning disabilities are beginning to reclaim the lives they lost in the institutions, having choices, jobs, sex lives and even becoming parents unthinkable until even quite recently. Slowly, perhaps far too slowly, the rest of the community is beginning to realize that the majority of people with learning disabilities are not so different from everyone else, and need the same things in their lives that all of us do: work, leisure, partners, and a sense of being part of a social group (Heillbrun, K. Et al 1999). They want to feel useful and valued, as we all do. Life is full of risks. We all take risks all the time, and the more familiar they are the less we tend to recognize the real level of risk involved. It actually takes the greatest risk in our lives every time that we step into a car, but few of us really consider that risk seriously (Daniel, 2003). This is the other side of the coin; we are inclined to believe that it wont happen, even when the objective statistics suggest otherwise the difficulty that now exists for people with learning disabilities, especially those with greater disability, and those who care for and support them, is that the law specifies that many such people are vulnerable, and not able to make this choice for themselves (Daniel, 2003). The onus of assessing risk and making the decision therefore often rests with carers. Because it is such a difficult decision to make for someone else, carers often take the simple way out, and avoid letting situations arise where learning-disabled people in their care have the opportunity to develop sexual relationships: if a person cannot make an informed choice then perhaps it is easier not to offer them that choice (Lindsay 2004). This is the current dilemma for those who work in community care situations. According to David J. Thompson,(2000) the issue of sexual relationships is perhaps the most difficult and complex, but this problem of balancing risk and choice is a constant one for carers and professionals, in relation to many aspects of everyday life. In the background is the ogre of the law (and/or local management), ready to jump on the unwary, should they get it wrong. No wonder, perhaps that many are cautious about enabling such choices to be made. Get higher in the information of vulnerable adults referred to them for the reason that they are at risk of physical and sexual mistreatment, in addition to financial fraud, a study has found in Social services departments have seen (Simon, 1997. So where adult with learning disabilities have more complex problems, such as behaviour problem, mental illness, or others any physical or mental disorder they will need additional care and support to cope with their everyday lives (Hawks, 1998). Sometimes these problems impose additional risks, and these do need to taken into account when assessing and managing risks for each person/adult.

Market Leader vs Market Followers

The article is aiming to study how big brands are losing their market share & what changes they are bringing in their marketing strategy to cope up with the current market scenario or to regain their market share. This study is focused on leadership in Indian market on various segments, Brand loyalty, and brand differentiation. This study focus on current market scenario with changing trends of market share in various segments. Introduction Competition essentially means a fight and a monopolist enjoys a hold over the market and has control over price and customer. With the adoption of pro-competition policies by the government – Air India have been exposed to constantly losing market share in favor of private carriers like Kingfisher, Jet airways, Air Sahara, Spice Jet, Lufthansa and others. It is tough condition for the marketers, because if you are inefficient, the market forces would edge you out of the marketplace. Hence, competition means hard work. It is a constant struggle to outperform the rivals. Competition is consumer friendly, but not market friendly. Binaca is a brand that existed only in yesteryears.Binaca could not compete with the market competition & finally failed. The most remembered thing about Binaca is its conversion to Cibaca. So, why the company re-launched Binaca and not Cibaca? Cibaca changed the brand name Binaca to Cibaca when it was sold to another company. While Dabur bought Binaca, Colgate Palmolive bought Cibaca. Dabur has launched Binaca and now we have both Binaca and Cibaca in the market. (Though Binaca was toothpaste and Cibaca is currently being sold only as a toothbrush.) Brand is re-launched to leverage on past brand equity. Kelvinator India refrigerators has led a yo-yo type life till now. There have been frequent changes of ownership, which also included an 18-month stint with the enemy, Whirlpool. Worldwide, the Electrolux brand owns Kelvinator. During the period 1997-98, when Electrolux was just entering India, it did not have the capacity to hold on to the sales of Kelvinator. It had to sell it to Whirlpool to sustain sales. Whirlpool took advantage of the situation and milked the brand in that time. After the stipulated period of 18 months, Electrolux took it back. Since then, it has been contributing to a steady 65-70% of the company's revenues, a successful re-launches. Electrolux saved on a lot of costs it would have probably incurred had it launched a new brand. One of the most important assets that the marketer can possess is the trust of the customers. A brand is the interface between the marketers and the customers. It signifies the touching point between the marketing efforts and its effect on customers, either positive or negative. As the marketers are trading on the slippery ground, if they compromise on quality they can’t prevent consumer to switch brand to another. According to Rap P, Stan and Tom Collins, in their book –The great Marketing turn grounds- â€Å"The ability of the manufacturers to copy one another’s most successful product and the brand hopping encouraged by the tempting discounts may be seriously weakening the grip of the loyalty in many categories† Erosion of the brand loyalty has become one of the serious concerns now. The magazine ad week’s marketing week of US suggests that â€Å"The belief that once consumers buy a brand, they will stay there, is not true. The percentage of consumers who wished to stick to major brands dropped from 80 to 60 percent during an eight year period†. In today’s market scenario; the leaders are losing their market share & turning to followers for the sense of emergency. â€Å"Eye-catching colors and gee-whiz features aren't enough for successful products and services today. To rise above the ‘sea of sameness’, companies need to be different in a way that is elemental—and game-changing. According to HBS professor Youngme Moon.† Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty is harder to come by today as different brands are coming with too many choices and not with enough differences. Well known brands command a price premium. Japanese companies such as Sony and Toyota have built a huge brand loyal market .At the same time, developing a branded product loyal to the customer requires a great deal of long term investment, especially for advertising, promotion & packaging. Woodland is a brand that has built its brand equity on the pillars of being sturdy and durable with futuristic designs. It has also forayed into apparels and accessories. To maintain their positioning in the mind of consumer the brand has also introduced more specialized products like Yoga collection, Kids collection and the Woods collection. The brand has customized products for the adventure enthusiasts and keeps adding new technologies to make their products the ideal choice for all adventure lovers. Now, the brand has been focusing on eco-friendly products and uses raw materials that are less harmful to the environment. We’re familiar with the acronym WIIFM, which stands for â€Å"What’s in it for me?† This is the exact question that the consumers are asking themselves, and the brands need to be able to answer them properly. If they are unable to do the same the consumer will switch from one brand to another. The economics of customer retention makes a compelling case for relationship marketing. It costs approximately five times more to attract a customer than to keep a customer. So losing market share is very serious issue for market leaders at present. Brand Loyalty is the consumer's conscious or unconscious decision, expressed through intention or behavior, to repurchase a brand continually. It occurs because the consumer perceives that the brand offers the right product features, image, or level of quality at the right price. In today’s marketing environment, market advertisers are trying to break consumer habits, and helping them to acquire new habits, and reinforce those habits by reminding consumers of the value of their purchase and encourage them to continue purchasing those products in the future. The proactive approaches of rivals are compelling the market leaders to lose their market share. Brand Differentiation The brands want to remain differentiated from other brands; they will survive in the market & enjoy customer loyalty if they’ll be able to position themselves different from their competitor in the mind of consumer as well as in the market. Brands are investing on their advertising & promotion to differentiate themselves from others. FMCG major Dabur has undertaken a 360 degree rebranding exercise for its brand Real and has introduced new packaging, a new brand ambassador and communication activities. The company has reportedly spent close to Rs 7-8 crore on the whole exercise. Currently, the brand is going ahead with the 360 degree communication plan, which includes innovative OOH campaign in select cities, in-cinema advertising, TVC, radio, DTH for the very first time and print advertising, to remain differentiated from other brands. There are various ways they can achieve this aim. The brand differentiation is basically brought by positioning of brands. , some of the world's most iconic brands are starting the year with a new look. ITV has ditched its yellow and blue boxes, computer chip maker Intel has introduced a new strapline, and telecommunications giant AT&T has undergone a facelift.Airtel has taken the leap and revamped its logo, and the brand is on media overdrive to drive home the point about its new avatar. Brand differentiation can also be achieved by unique selling position of the brand and for increasing the brand value and brand equity. For every business, the health of its brand is key to its success. â€Å"The brand is the emotional heart of the business,† says Clare Salmon, director of marketing and strategy at ITV. â€Å"If the heart stops beating, the beast is going to die.† Differentiation attacks the fundamental basis of competition. It makes the product dissimilar and hence, less substitutable.† A general class of products is differentiated if any significant basis exists for distinguishing the good or service of one seller from that of another. Such a basis may be real or fancied, as long as it is of any importance whatever to buyer, and leads to a preference for one variety of the product over another.† According to Chamberlin, Edword, The theory of monopolistic competition, Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1956.p.66. Current Market scenario.

The Vroom Expectancy Theory of Motivation

The Vroom Expectancy Theory of Motivation The Vroom Expectancy Theory is â€Å"based on the premise that telt needs cause human behavior† and that motivation strength depends on an Individual's degree of desire to perform a behavior (Certo ; certo, 2008). As an Individual recognizes a need, they will more than likely employ an action to satisfy that need. The motivational strength will also fluctuate correspondingly with their desire. If the desire Increases, so will the motivation.The opposite Is true as well. In equation form, motivation strength equals the perceived result value of performing behavior multiplied by the perceived robability that the result will actually materialize (Certo ; Certo, 2008). For example, consider anovice stockbroker in training who was has been given a one-month probationary period to earn a position and make $500 commission from any successful trades. Assuming they really want the Job. the motivation strength. r desire would be calculated as th eir perception of the value of that position with the bonus in relation to their perception of the probability that they can successfully trade during the trial. As the stockbroker's perceived value of the two rewards and erceived probability that they would be able to achieve increases, their motivation strength to obtain those rewards will also increase. To put it briefly, the key to the Vroom expectancy Expectancy tTheory is whether the individual perceives a positive relationship between ettort, performance, and reward.The advantages and Ilmltatlons of the vroom Expectancy Theory can be expressed as follows (Expectancy Theory of Motivation): Advantages of the Expectancy Theory It Is based on self-interest individuals who want to achieve maximum satisfaction and who want to minimize dissatisfaction. ? This theory stresses upon the expectations and perception; what Is real and actual Is Immaterial. It emphasizes on rewards or pay-offs. It focuses on psychological extravagance wher e final objective of Individual is to attain maximum pleasure and least pain.Limitations of the Expectancy Theory The expectancy theory seems to be idealistic because quite a few individuals perceive high degree correlation between performance and rewards. The application of this theory is limited. as reward is not directly correlated with performance In many organizations. It is related to other parameters also such as osition, effort, responsibility, education, etc. lnA Question of Motivationcase study, the Vroom Expectancy Theory relates to both workers.The theory suggests that individuals can be motivated if they believe that there is a positive correlation between efforts, performance, and rewards (Expectancy Theory of Motivation). In the case of Alex, he is not motivated at all to perform his duties assigned by Dan due to the lack ot rewards received tor his efforts. He sarcastically stated,†l don't even care anymore. what's the point? If I stock more apples, or somethin g meaningless like that, hat does It get me-another sucker that says ‘good Job? HIS performance and efforts does not have a positive Impact on the correlation to his rewards, which decreases his motivation strength. Stephanie on the other hand has a different relationship with her boss Jonathon and appears very motivated by the reward he will offer for Stephanie illustrated her enthusiasm by saying â€Å"lif I sell the oil Jonathon said that he'll give me a $75 bonus,. Sso I'm definitely going to give it a shot. † Her motivation strength is determined by her perception of the $75 bonus and probability that she can sell the oil to receive that reward.As her perceived value of the $75 reward and perceived probability that she can successfully sell the oil increases, her motivation strength to sell 10 bottles of truffle oil next week also increases. In both situations, the Vroom Expectancy Theory illustrates how it â€Å"is all about the attractiveness or appeal of the po tential reward to the individual†(Expectancy Theory of Motivation). Antoine, I think this is a great paper, however, the first two pages you are giving us a lot of information on what Vroom Theory is and not a lot of how it relates to the case study†¦ again, it is a great paper though :