Thursday, December 26, 2019

Comparison of Erikson and Maslow - 1059 Words

Comparison of Erikson and Maslow Tianna Hillis PSY 405 January 30, 2012 Jill Bean Comparison of Erikson and Maslow Personality affects many aspects of life. It influences behavior and social relations. Erik Erikson is a theorist known for his stages of personality development. He explains that certain stages of development affect personality in separate ways. Abraham Maslow is a theorist known for his hierarchy of needs. He explains that fulfilling needs influences personality. This paper will discuss personality characteristics of both theories and how personality affects situational behavior and interpersonal relations. Erikson’s theory of personality is based on his eight stages of development. In each of these eight stages of†¦show more content†¦Depending on which characteristic is learned from each stage, behavior will be different. If a young child fails to perform to his or her parents standards during the autonomy developmental stage, the child may continue to perform poorly. This trait can show through all the time or only in situations where the child feels pressure to perform (Feist amp; Feist, 2009). If an adolescent fails to establish his or her identity, he or she may miss out of discovering other aspects of life. Based on Erikson’s stages of development, traits arise from experiences. The experiences cause different behaviors based on the situation and personality (Feist amp; Feist, 2009). In Maslow’s theory, personality is based on which level of needs has been achieved. In this line of thinking, if a situation arises in which bags of groceries are left alone, a person who has satisfied the physiological needs will leave the food alone. A person who has yet to satisfy his or her physiological needs may take the food (Feist amp; Feist, 2009). The difference in personality based on the hierarchy of needs is what makes the behavior different. The same difference in behavior is similar to two individuals in an interview who are at different levels on the hierarchy. A person who has not yet fulfilled the self-esteem level will be less comfortable and an interview and act accordingly (Feist amp; Feist, 2009). Interpersonal relationships are affected byShow MoreRelatedMaslows Hierarchy Of Need Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagescreated by such authors as: Abraham Maslow, Frederick Herzberg, Douglas McGregor, David McClelland and others. In that particular paper the author will explore two motivation theories – Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and two factor theory of F. Herzberg. The goal of the paper is comparative analysis of the theories of two authors. The paper consists of three parts: the first two parts give a theoretical insight into two theories. The third part deals with comparison of two theories. 1. MaslowsRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1300 Words   |  6 Pagesperspective has its own unique way of explaining human behavior. I think that really explains the complex mental processes and behavior, and each prospective study should not be limited to just one. The following is my explanation of the terms and comparisons between the psychodynamic and behavioral aspects relating to the October 2000 article in the American Psychologist., Hunger, eating, and I11 Health, by John PJ Pinel, Sunaina Assanand and Darrin R. Lehman. The view is defined as a psychologicalRead MorePsychology : Psychodynamic And Behavioral Perspectives1320 Words   |  6 Pages Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining the human behavior. I believe to truly explain the complex mental processes and behavior, each perspective must be examined and not limited to just one. The following is my explanation and comparisons between two of these perspectives: psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives pertaining to the article in the American Psychologist October 2000, Hunger, Eating, and I11 Health, by John P. J. Pinel, Sunaina Assanand, and Darrin R. Lehman. The behavioralRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Psychology Is Defined As The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Behavior1281 Words   |  6 Pagespsychodynamic approach in psychology. However, Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis originates from the psychodynamic theory. However, overall, the psychodynamic approach includes all theories that were based on his ideas, e.g., Jung (1964), Alder (1927) and Erikson (1950). The psychodynamic approach draws close attention on forces that influence human behavior. Freud concluded that psychoanalysis was an approach used for assumptions that painful memories are hidden in the unconscious mind. Whereas a psychodynamicRead MoreEssay about A Child Called It, The Lost Boy and A Man Named Dave2471 Words   |  10 Pages and was physically small for his age. Though the criteria for determining abuse changes continuously and this is an old citation, I feel it is still valid. Erik Eriksons psychosocial development theory consists of eight stages of development (Erikson, 1950). Each stage is characterized by a different conflict that must be resolved by the individual. When the environment makes new demands on an individual, a conflict arises. The person is faced with a choice between two ways of coping with eachRead More Identity of Humans Essay1936 Words   |  8 Pagesrefers to one’s answer to the question, who am I? 1 To fully understand and grasp the concepts and ideas related to identity, two different psychological perspectives will be explored, as well as three theorists including Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers. Freud - Psychic Structures Sigmund Freud explored identity through the psychodynamic theory of Psychosexual Development. According to psychodynamic theory, the human personality is characterized by a dynamic struggle asRead MoreHuman Development and The Psychoanalytic Perspective of Personality1396 Words   |  6 Pagessocial influences and was represented by eight developmental stages, each depicted by a specific developmental crises/challenge that all individual are thought to confront; linked to the persons relationship their environment. Contrasting Freud, Erik Erikson put forward stages of psychosocial development that would extend over an individual’s existence of which was made up of trust vs. mistrust (birth to 18 months; in which the important event is feeding), autonomy vs. shame and doubt (2 to 3 years; inRead MoreEriksons Psychosocial Development Theory10839 Words   |  44 Pagescrisis stages model that underpinned his work. Erik Erikson first published his eight stage theory of human development in his 1950 book Childhood and Society. The chapter featuring the model was titled The Eight Ages of Man. He expanded and refined his theory in later books and revisions, notably: Identity and the Life Cycle (1959); Insight and Responsibility (1964); The Life Cycle Completed: A Review (1982, revised 1996 by Joan Erikson); and Vital Involvement in Old Age (1989). Eriksons biographyRead MoreIs Psychology a Science2271 Words   |  10 PagesFreud’s evidence was based on the experiences he gained from sessions with his patients which he then wrote up as case studies. His theories have been adapted by analysts, therapists and psychiatrists such as Alder (1870-1937), Jung (1875-1961) and Erikson (1902-1994). Although Freud’s work has had a great effect on modern societies in psychology Freud is classed as highly controversial. Popper (1959) classed Freud’s work as unscientific as the theories wer e not falsifiable. He proposed that for a theoryRead MoreNotes On Motivation Theory And Motivation3458 Words   |  14 Pagesthe outcome of their performance (Wyk and Erasmus, 2003: 315). Many researchers have worked in the field of motivation over the years, and developed different theories. Maslow s ‘Hierarchy of needs’ theory proposes that an individual’s most basic needs must be met before they will develop higher level desires (Goble, 1970). Maslow created the term ‘metamotivation’ to explain the motivations of those people, which go beyond the extent of their basic needs and instead seek constant improvement. Based

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Stigma, Prejudice, And Discrimination Essay - 1802 Words

Individuals with serious mental illness are doubly affected by their disease; not only do they experience the often debilitating symptoms of their condition, but they must also endure mundane mental health stigmas and prejudices. Stigmatized attitudes are perceived to be one of the greatest impediments to living a complete and fulfilling life. Stigma has been defined as a combination of three related problems: ignorance, prejudice and discrimination (Rose, Thornicroft, Pinfold, Kassam, 2007). Ignorance implies a lack of knowledge, prejudice entails negative attitudes, and discrimination involves exclusionary actions against people deemed to be different. Two forms of stigma are commonly distinguished in literature. Public stigma describes the attitudes of society towards people with mental illness, while self-stigma results from the internalization of prejudice by people who suffer from mental health conditions (Corrigan, Powell, Rà ¼sch, 2012). The World Health Organization annou nced that stigma was the most crucial obstacle to overcome for a community to functioning effectively and efficiently (Ontario Hospital Association, 2013). Unfortunately, stigmatized attitudes remain ever-present in societal interactions. This holds true despite many of the individuals perpetuating the stigma either personally knowing people with mental illness, including a family member, or having adequate knowledge of mental health conditions. Loved ones may express stigmatized attitudes toShow MoreRelatedMental Health Stigma, Discrimination, and Prejudice1712 Words   |  7 PagesMental Health Stigma, Discrimination and Prejudice Karen Bleicher Spring, 2009 Professor Mark Harris Social Problems 2023 To Fight Stigmas, Start with Treatment Last fall, British television broadcast a reality program called â€Å"How Mad Are You?† The plot was simple: 10 volunteers lived together for a week in a house in the countryside and took part in a series of challenges. The amazing thing was that there were no prizes at the end of the challenges. There was a very interestingRead MoreWhen An Individual Has Lung Cancer, There Is An Immediate1411 Words   |  6 Pagesvictim. A rush of prejudice thoughts course through their minds, all thoughts associated with blaming the victim for falling into depression. Blaming the individual for their diagnosis, yet no one recognizes the abuse and trauma she endured as a result of living in a dysfunctional home. How difficult it was to seek treatment, all the time being judged unfairly, supports withdrawing when they were needed the most, and friendships torn apart. All of this is a perfect example of stigma. Individuals whoRead MorePhiladelphia Movie Review1571 Words   |  7 Pagesth e firm? * Prejudice, discrimination, oppression, and institutional discrimination. * Include analysis of any additional issues for gays and lesbians such as legal empowerment, violence against them, coming out, ethnicity, and AIDS. * Suggest strategies to promote social and economic justice. Support your report with relevant theory. THE MOVIE: PHILADELPHIA (2) Prejudice, discrimination, oppression and institutional discrimination against homosexualsRead MoreThe Causes And Traits Of Oppression1614 Words   |  7 Pagesare connected to its origin. The research will develop major themes that will serve to define agents, including classism, discrimination, and the intersectionality of different types of oppression. Discussions on strategies for addressing and ending the current oppression in America and recommendations for the future will be highlighted as well. Traits of Stigma and Prejudice When working to determine the causes of oppression, one must first establish a definition of the word. Oppression can beRead MoreThe Stigma Of Children With Mental Illness1608 Words   |  7 Pagesmentally ill in hospitals and institutions, resulting in society’s negative association with mental illness. This stigma creates a negative feedback loop in how society views people with psychiatric disabilities. Media portrays people with mental illness as scary, bad, dangerous, unpredictable, and un-educated. These views cause people to shy away and fear the mentally ill. This stigma also affects a person’s willingness to seek help when they are experiencing a mental illness. Some cultures, suchRead MorePrejudice Against The Mentally Ill1157 Words   |  5 PagesPrejudice against the mentally ill is a prominent in Canadian society. Prejudice can be seen in Canada. There are government issued initiatives to help people with mental illness. The effects of prejudice can be felt by an individual, all of Canada, and the global world. Some of the organizations have succeed in their fight. Mental healthRead MoreHow Stigma Interferes with Mental Health Care892 Words   |  4 PagesHow Stigma Interferes With Mental Health Care Patrick Corrigan’s article on stigmas and how they interfere with mental care brings insight into a world that many people face. Although there are conflicting ideas on how exactly stigmas towards mentally ill people are broken down, (people labeled mentally ill are stigmatized more severely than those with other health conditions; people with psychotic disorders are judged more harshly than people with depression or anxiety disorders) there is anRead MoreThe Effects Of Minority Stress On Mental Health Within The Transgender Community Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pagesresearchers in this study used the minority stress model, which suggested that the stress associated with stigma, prejudice, and discrimination will increase rates of psychological distress in the transgender population (Bockting, Miner†¦ Coleman, 2013). As evident from past research, physical violence, verbal harassment and employment discriminations were some of the many types of societal prejudices. In fa ct, as seen in the article, these stresses create depression, anxiety, and other types of mentalRead MoreStigma Is An Interesting Concept In Social Psychology Because1515 Words   |  7 PagesStigma is an interesting concept in social psychology because it not only studies the experience of marginalized people (who already do not receive enough attention in science) but dissects the inner workings of power imbalances, internal dynamics, and interpersonal conflicts. Arguably the most important foundational text in stigma research, across all disciplines, is Goffman’s Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Goffman’s perspective and definition of stigma has been revised many timesRead MoreSociety Has Been Wrongly Judging The Behavior Of Others For Centuries1455 Words   |  6 Pageschoose to live their lives. When one hears or thinks of the acronym BDSM, there are stigmas that they think of as well. â€Å"By stigma, we mean that a person is recognized or labeled as having ‘undesired differentness from what we had anticipated’† (Hoff). Practitioners of BDSM have always faced these stigmas, and because of this fact, practitioners have been forced to hide the way they live. Not only have these stigmas caused practitioners to keep their personal affairs private, but it has caused non-practitioners

Monday, December 9, 2019

The Hawala Extortion Method free essay sample

Among the methods terrorists worldwide use to move money from regions that finance them to target countries some hardly leave any traceable trail. As regulators learned recently, one of the weak points in the payments chain through which illicit funds can enter is a system of traditional trust-based banking originating in southern Asia which is known as hawala. The word hawala is Hindi meaning trust or exchange. Often used in relation with the word hundi which stands for bill of exchange hawala is an unofficial alternative remittance and money exchange system enabling the transfer of funds without their actual physical move. Traditional financial institutions may be involved but more often the system is used to bypass banks. There are an estimated 3000 international hawala brokers operating in Asia. Allegedly the business is monopolized by migrants from India who mostly operate from countries in the Gulf and South East Asia. Networks include trading points in the financial centres of Singapore and Hong Kong, and some of the biggest family-based money-dealers are based in London. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hawala Extortion Method or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In principle, hawala works as follows: Individual brokers or operators†, known as hawaladers, collect funds at one end of the payment chain and others distribute the funds at the other. For example, an expatriate working in America or Kuwait who wants to send money back to his family in Pakistan or Syria turns to a moneylender or trader with contacts in both countries giving him the money. The trader calls a trusted partner in the home country who delivers the amount to the family, minus a commission. For identification and the details of the trade often a code is used. The two traders settle accounts either through reciprocal remittances, trade invoice manipulations, gold and precious gem smuggling, the conventional banking system, or by physical movement of currency. Usually, hawaladers operate independently of each other rather than as part of a larger organization. For Asian immigrants the hawala system provides a speedy, reliable and trustworthy method to remit money home. In principle, it allows cash delivered in one place to be made available elsewhere in the time it takes to make a telephone call or send a fax. The system proves superior to any Western banking operation: No identification needs to be presented, commissions are very low, transmission is very fast, and the system is in operation 24 hours a day and every day of the year even in regions where no banks or other financial institutions exist. The latter also explains why the system is not only used by expatriates, drug barons and terrorists, but in some countries is quite common in rural areas. For example, in the 1980s, about 70% of total credit outstanding in Pakistan were estimated to be in the informal sector, and about 80% of all informal credit were in agriculture. Hawala has been a traditional method of moving money in south Asia long before Western banking became established in the region protecting early merchants along the silk road against robbery. In ancient China it was known as fei qian or flying coins. The system spread throughout the world – to other Asian regions, the Middle East, eastern and southern Africa, Europe and North and South America – following immigration patterns. Based on a mans word there is strong market segmentation in that, for example, a Pashtun trusts only a Pashtun hawaladar, a Sikh only a Sikh one, and so on. These days, although mainly used for legitimate transfers and often operating in conjunction with Western banking operations, the hawala system is regarded as a key factor in money laundering, other financial crimes and financing of illegal organizations committed in and associated with South Asia. Hawaladars in Dubai, India and Pakistan are said to be forming a hawala triangle responsible for significant international money laundering activities that spread far beyond the region.

Monday, December 2, 2019

My Life and Economics free essay sample

Upon reflection, Ive come to realize that Economics has played a role in my life for much longer than I had known. My earliest recollection regarding the subject dates back to when my family bought a small business in the heart of the North Carolina countryside. It was the biggest gas station and grocery store in the tri-county area and people came from far and wide to get their everyday goods. My parents purchased the store-station hybrid in the summer of 2004; theyd been harping about it being a good time to buy considering the state of the economy. Little did I know that this word that sounded like a grotesque surgical procedure to me at the time, was in fact what shaped my familys financial future, the course of my life, and thus far the shape of our society. Things started out well and I flew from California to the East Coast to be with my father. We will write a custom essay sample on My Life and Economics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the long hours at the store my father taught me the basics of running a business. My father told me people who bought sofas and tractors far away indirectly helped run our store. A confusing concept at the time, I mulled it over to no avail. He explained to me that the customers of our store were paid by the local factories in which they were employed. The local factories manufactured textiles and tractor parts to be sold to furniture and tractor companies across the world. Those companies in turn produced sofas and tractors to be bought by their customers, meaning, if those companies did well and tractors and sofas were bought our store would also do well. The understanding of my first economic concept was an astounding revelation to me. People who never even knew of our store were the ones who kept things running smoothly. As the summer went on, my father taught me much more in regards to running the store. Already acquainted with the basics of supply and demand, I began developing a shrewd sense of what we would buy to sell, how much we would buy to sell, and how much we would sell it for. My father taught me that it was imperative that the store have strong leadership, or else no matter how well the economy was doing, things would fall apart. He compared our store to a farm. The crops of a farm were analogous to the goods in our store. The weather on the farm was the economy. When the weather was good, a bountiful harvest would ensue. My father stressed that we were the farmers and no matter how good the weather may be, a bad farmer would not be able to yield a strong harvest. This form of decisions in respect to the economy really garnered my attention and fostered interest. I learned a lot during those longs hours at the store with my father. The seeds for a passion for economics were planted in my mind that summer. Those seeds didnt take root until the latter half of my senior year in high school when I was exposed to economics once again. The memories of managing the store with my father and being mindful of the economy all rushed back as I was introduced to more concepts of a subject which seems to have infinite possibilities.